![]() ![]() Several Merovingian monarchs reunited the Frankish kingdoms and assumed the title of "King of the Franks". After his death, his kingdom was split between his sons into Soissons ( Neustria), Paris, Orléans ( Burgundy), and Metz ( Austrasia). Clovis I was the first of these to rise to true kingship. The Merovingian kings began as mere chieftains, the oldest known being Chlodio. The name of France comes from the Germanic tribe known as the Franks. The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. In addition to the Kingdom of France, there were also two French Empires, the first from 1804–15, founded and ruled by Napoleon I, and the second from 1852–70, founded and ruled by his nephew Napoleon III. It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France. During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–92) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre)". The title "King of the Franks" ( Latin: Rex Francorum) remained in use until 1190, during the reign of Philip II (but note the use of FRANCORUM REX by Louis XII in 1499, by Francis I in 1515, and by Henry II about 1550 ). Nevertheless, English and then British monarchs continued to claim the title for themselves until the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801. Most of Northern France was under English control until 1435, but by 1453, the English had been expelled from all of France save Calais (and the Channel Islands), and Calais itself fell in 1558. Henry V predeceased Charles VI and so Henry V's son, Henry VI, succeeded his grandfather Charles VI as King of France. For a short time, this had some basis in fact - under the terms of the 1420 Treaty of Troyes, Charles VI had recognized his son-in-law Henry V of England as regent and heir. In addition to the monarchs listed below, the Kings of England and Great Britain from 1340––1801 also claimed the title of King of France. For other Frankish monarchs, see List of Frankish kings. This article lists all rulers to have held the title "King of Franks", "King of France", "King of the French" or "Emperor of the French". However, four Carolingian monarchs were also Roman Emperors and the Bonapartes were Emperors of the French. During most of its history, France was ruled by kings. The Monarchs of France ruled from the establishment of the Frankish Kingdom in 486 to 1870.
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